Government initiatives for Wetlands Conservation
Description
Wetlands in
India
Description: Read about the concepts related to Wetlands, Their significance, about World Wetland Day and steps taken by the government for its conservation.
Wetlands are diverse
ecosystems characterized by the presence of water, either seasonally or
permanently. They are transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic
environments, where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the
land is covered by shallow water. Wetlands can be found in a variety of
landscapes including marshes, swamps, bogs, and floodplains.
These ecosystems are
incredibly important for various reasons:
1. Biodiversity: Wetlands support a rich array of plant and animal
species, many of which are specially adapted to these unique environments. They
serve as breeding grounds, nurseries, and habitats for numerous species of
birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
2. Water Regulation: Wetlands act as natural water filters, purifying and
improving water quality by trapping sediments and filtering out pollutants.
They also help to control flooding by absorbing and storing excess water during
periods of heavy rain or storms, thus reducing the risk of downstream flooding.
3. Carbon Sequestration: Wetlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle
by storing large amounts of carbon in their soils and vegetation. When wetlands
are drained or destroyed, this stored carbon is released into the atmosphere, contributing
to climate change.
4. Recreation and Tourism: Many wetlands provide opportunities for outdoor
recreation such as birdwatching, fishing, hiking, and boating. They also
attract tourists who come to appreciate their natural beauty and wildlife.
5. Cultural Importance: Wetlands have significant cultural value for many
indigenous communities around the world. They are often regarded as sacred
places and are central to traditional practices, ceremonies, and livelihoods.
Despite their ecological and
societal importance, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems
globally. They face numerous threats including habitat destruction, pollution,
climate change, and unsustainable land use practices.
World Wetland Day 2024
World Wetlands Day, observed
annually on February 2nd, raises awareness about wetlands and commemorates the
adoption of the Convention on Wetlands in 1971.
This international treaty
provides a framework for wetland conservation and wise use.
The significance of World
Wetlands Day was emphasized in 2022 with the adoption of Resolution 75/317 by
the UN General Assembly, establishing it as a global observance.
World Wetlands Day 2024 focuses on the theme 'Wetlands and
Human Wellbeing,' highlighting the critical role wetlands play in enhancing our
lives by providing flood protection, clean water, biodiversity, and
recreational opportunities essential for human health and prosperity.
India’s efforts for Wetland Conservation
India has the largest network of
Ramsar Sites in South Asia, covering 1.33 million hectares. These sites
contribute significantly to biodiversity, hosting 6200 species across various
faunal groups.
India's wetlands serve as crucial
stopovers for millions of migratory birds, playing a vital role in maintaining
waterbird populations globally.
In January 2024, India proudly
expanded its Ramsar Site count to 80 by designating five new sites in Karnataka
and Tamil Nadu, showcasing its dedication to preserving invaluable ecosystems.
Recent additions are: Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary and Longwood Shola Reserve Forest in Tamil
Nadu, along with the Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve, Ankasamudra Bird
Conservation Reserve, and Aghanashini Estuary in Karnataka.
Government’s Initiatives for Wetland
Conservation:
- Amrit Dharohar Scheme: Launched during the
presentation of the Union Budget 2023-24, the Amrit Dharohar Scheme
represents a pivotal step towards promoting optimal utilization of
wetlands over the next three years. This initiative aims to enhance
biodiversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities, and local community
income generation, aligning with the government's vision for sustainable
development.
- National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems: In 2013, the National
Wetlands Conservation Programme merged with the National Lake Conservation
Plan, giving rise to the comprehensive National Plan for Conservation of
Aquatic Ecosystems. This amalgamation reflects the government's holistic
approach towards safeguarding these vital ecosystems.
- Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules: Enacted in 2017 under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Wetlands (Conservation and
Management) Rules established state wetlands authorities. These rules
serve as a pivotal legal framework for the protection and sustainable
management of wetlands across the nation.
- Coastal Protection: Coastal wetlands are safeguarded
under the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (2018) and the Island
Protection Zone Notification 2011. These regulations ensure the
preservation of coastal ecosystems, vital for biodiversity conservation
and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
- MoEFCC's Wetlands Rejuvenation Programme: Initiated in 2020, the
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) embarked on
a transformative journey towards wetlands rejuvenation. This program
employs a multifaceted approach encompassing baseline information
development, rapid assessment through wetland health cards, establishment
of stakeholder platforms, and comprehensive management planning. With over
500 wetlands covered, this initiative stands as a testament to the
government's commitment to conserving these critical habitats.
- Integration with Namami Gange: On World Wetlands Day 2021,
the Ministry of Jal Shakti underscored the integration of wetland
conservation with the Namami Gange program. Through innovative efforts
linked to river rejuvenation, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
has spearheaded initiatives serving as a model for wetland conservation
nationwide. The development of health cards and management plans for 10
wetlands in each of the 50-plus Ganga districts exemplifies this
integrated approach, blending scientific expertise with community
participation.
- National Wildlife Action Plan: India's National Wildlife Action
Plan (2017-2031) prioritizes the conservation of inland aquatic
ecosystems, including wetlands. It advocates for a national wetlands
mission, emphasizing the importance of preserving these habitats for
biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.
